Who is recognized as Rome's first prose author and the initial writer of Roman history in Latin?

Marcus Porcius Cato, often known as Cato the Elder, holds the distinction of being Rome's first prose author and is credited with initiating the writing of Roman history in Latin. Cato's significant work, the "Origines," aimed to provide a comprehensive account of Rome’s history and the founding of its culture. He is notable for his practical style and emphasis on moral values, which were reflected in his writings and speeches.

His approach to history writing was groundbreaking as it shifted focus from Greek literature to that of native Roman storytelling, which contributed to the establishment of a unique Latin prose tradition. Cato's influence extended beyond literature; he was also a prominent statesman and a staunch advocate for traditional Roman values, which infused his historical narratives with a patriotic perspective.

The other figures—Titus Livius (Livy), Gaius Sallustius Crispus (Sallust), and Publius Cornelius Tacitus (Tacitus)—came later in the literary tradition and built upon the foundations that Cato had established for prose and historical writing in Latin. Their works are highly regarded, but Cato's pioneering efforts mark the beginning of Roman prose literature and historical scholarship.