Who exiled Ovid?

Ovid was exiled by Emperor Augustus in 8 AD. Augustus, who reigned from 27 BC to AD 14, was known for his moral reforms and efforts to promote traditional Roman values. Ovid's poetry, particularly "Metamorphoses" and "Ars Amatoria," was perceived as contrary to these values, leading to his banishment to Tomis (modern-day Constanța, Romania). The specific reasons for his exile remain somewhat mysterious, but they are believed to involve his lifestyle and the content of his works, which challenged the moral standards Augustus was trying to enforce in Rome.

The other options—Nero, Tiberius, and Caligula—were rulers of Rome during different periods and did not play a role in Ovid's exile. Nero ruled from 54 to 68 AD, Tiberius from 14 to 37 AD, and Caligula from 37 to 41 AD, which means their reigns occurred either after Ovid's exile or did not relate to the events surrounding it.