In which city was the poet Martial born?

Martial, the renowned Roman poet known for his epigrams, was indeed born in Bilbilis, which is present-day Calatayud, in Spain. This city is significant in his works as it reflects his Spanish heritage and influences. Although he spent a considerable part of his life in Rome, where he gained prominence and published many of his poems, his origins in Bilbilis were a point of pride for him, often referenced in his writings. His Spanish background provided a unique perspective that colored his observations of Roman society and culture.

Other options represent cities of cultural and historical importance but do not pertain to Martial’s birthplace. Rome is where he flourished as a poet, Antioch is known for various historical figures and events, and Athens is celebrated for its philosophical contributions, yet none are related to Martial’s early life. Hence, identifying Bilbilis as his birthplace is crucial for understanding his personal background and the influences in his poetry.